Registered Nurses’ Response to Pain
Abstract
Pain is the most common medical issue that older people face in a long-term care facility. Nurses have a critical role in responding to pain. This research looked at nurses' responses to pain in long-term care facilities. The site for this research was a chosen long-term care facility in Ontario, Canada, a 160-bed nursing home for the elderly that provides various nursing and medical care services. Semi-structured focus group interviews lasting about an hour were done. This study's population consisted of 45 nurses. The researcher chose a sample of 25 nurses using a purposive sampling strategy. The data was reviewed using qualitative data analysis to detect recurring concerns. This research revealed the necessity of identifying nurses’ responses to pain to effectively manage pain in long-term care homes. This study demonstrated the importance of recognising nurses’ responses to pain practices in long-term care homes. Therefore, improved nurses’ response to pain practices are required to manage pain in a long-term care home effectively. The overall benefits of nurses’ responses to pain practices in long-term care homes expand nurses' clinical knowledge in the care of residents living in nursing homes.
References
Alhojailan, M.L. (2022). Thematic analysis: A critical review of its process and evaluation. West East Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231205789
Allen Jensen, E. & Laurie, A. (2017). Doing real research. Sage.
Almost, J., Gifford, W., Doran, D., Ogilvie, L., Miller, C., Rose, D., & Squires, M. (2013). Correctional nursing: a study protocol to develop an educational to optimize nursing practice in a unique context. Implementation Science, 8(1), 1-14. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-8-71
American Geriatrics Society. (2014). AGS clinical practice guideline: Pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons. American Geriatrics Society, 5(2), 1-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02376.x
Anon. (2014). Pain assessment and management strategies for elderly patients. Home Healthcare Nurse, 32(5), 281-287. DOI: 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000065
Babbie, E., & Mouton, J. (2012). The practice of social research (14 ed.). Oxford University Press.
Baybutt, M., & Chemlal, K. (2016). Health-promoting prisons: Theory to practice (1 ed.). (23, Ed.) Global Health Promotion.
Berben, S., Meijs, T., Van Grunsven, P., Schoonhoven, L., & Van Achterberg, T. (2013). Facilitators and barriers in pain management for trauma residents in the chain of emergency care. Injury, 43(9), 1397-1402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.01.029
Birchenall, P., & Adams, N. (2014). The Nursing Companion. Palgrave Macmillan.
Booker, S., & Haedtke, C. (2016). Assessing pain in verbal older adults. Nursing, 46(2), 65-68. DOI: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000473408.89671.52
Brink, H., Van der Walt, C., & Van Rensburg, G. (2014). Fundamentals of research methodology for healthcare professionals.
Busby, C., & Robson, W. (2013). Managing the cost of healthcare for an aging population. Nova Scotia's Healthcare Glacier, 1-15. Available from; https://www.cdhowe.org/sites/default/files/attachments/research_papers/mixed/e-brief_146_SK.pdf
Carpenter, I., & Hirdes, J. (2013). Using interRAI assessment systems to measure and maintain the quality of long-term care. OECD Health Policy Studies, 1-93.
Chatchumni, M., Namvongprom, A., Eriksson, H., & Mazaheri, M. (2016). Thai Nurses' experiences of post-operative pain assessment and its' influence on pain management decisions. BMC Nursing, 5(1), 1-14. DOI: 10.1186/s12912-016-0136-8
Cottrell, R. (2014). Health promotion and education research methods using the five-chapter thesis/dissertation model (6 ed.). Jones & Bartlett.
Creswell, J.W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Dondi-Smith, S. (2017). Interactive me: The person-centred care tool building new relationships between care staff and the person with dementia. Alsheimer's & Dementia, 13(7), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.2602
Flaherty, E. (2012). Pain assessment for older adults. In Try This: Best Practices in Nursing Care to Older Adults (2 ed.). The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing.
Fleckenstein, J. (2013). International Association for the study of pain. Deutsche Seitschrift Fur Akupunktur, 56(1), 52-53. https://www.iasp-pain.org/
Gromova, M., & Myasoedova, S. (2016). Features of the chronic pain syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and medical diagnostic tactics. Klinicist, 10(1), 12-16. DOI:10.17650/1818-8338-2016-10-1-12-16
Grove, K., Gray, R., & Burns, N. (2015). Understanding nursing research: building an evidence-based practice (6 ed.). Elsevier.
Hogan, M. (2014). Nursing foundations. Pearson.
Jamison, R., & Edwards, R. (2014). Integrating pain management in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 19(1), 49-64. doi: 10.1007/s10880-012-9295-2
Johnson, A., Mahaffey, R., Egan, R., Twagirumugabe, T., & Parlow, J. (2015). Perspectives, Perceptions and Experiences in Postoperative Pain Management in Developing Countries: A Focus Group Study Conducted in Rwanda. Pain Research and Management, 20(5), 255-260. DOI: 10.1155/2015/297384
Kaasalainen, S., Brazil, K., Akhtar-Danesh, N., Coker, E., Ploeg, J., & Donald, F. (2013). The Evaluation of an Interdisciplinary Pain Protocol in Long Term Care. Journal of The American Medical Directors Association, 13(7), 664-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2012.05.013
Laranjeira, C., & Quintao, C. (2014). EPA-0774 - Improving the quality of care through pain assessment and management. European Psychiatry, 29(1). Available from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21328759/
Lee Meyers, S. (2016). Improving Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pain Management among Registered Nurses. Pain Management Nursing, 17(2), 104-110. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2016.02.042
LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2016). Nursing Research: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 5(1), 60-72. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(15)30102-2
Manworren, R., & Stinson, J. (2016). Pediatric pain measurement, assessment and evaluation. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 23(3), 189-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2016.10.001
McPhee, S., Papadakis, M., & Rabow, M. (2014). Current medical diagnosis and treatment.
Mehta, A., Cohen, S., Ezer, H., Carnevale, F., & Ducharme, F. (2013). Striving to Respond to Palliative Care Residents' Pain at Home: A Puzzle for Family Caregivers. Oncology Nursing Forum, 38(1), 1-12. DOI: 10.1188/11.ONF.E37-E45
Pasero, C., & McCaffery, M. (2014). Pain Assessment and Pharmacologic Management. Elsevier/Mosby.
Patton, M. (2019). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage.
Polit, D., Beck, C., & Polit, D. (2016). Resource Manual for Nursing Research, generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10 ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO). (2013). Assessment and management of pain (3 ed.).
Rohmawati, N., Ardiana, A., & Rosyidi Muhammad Nur, K. (2021). Overview of Nurses Perception about Caring Based on Technology in the ICU and ER of Jember Region Hospital. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ), 1(3), 193-197. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i3.58
Saldana, J. (2014). Fundamentals of qualitative research. Oxford University Press.
Silverman, D. (2015). Interpreting qualitative data: A guide to the principles of qualitative research.
Silverman, D. (2019). Interpreting qualitative data: A guide to the principles of qualitative research (4th ed.). Sage.
Sloman, R., Ahem, M., Wright, A & Brown, L. (2001). Nurses' Knowledge of Pain in the Elderly. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 21(4), 317-322. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-3924(01)00248-2
Society, A. P. (2013). Principles of analgesic use in the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain. Glenview.
Sri Wahyuningsih, Hayati, N., & Adi Safitri, H. (2021). Non Pharmacological Therapy in Case Study Obstacles to Physical Mobility Post Sectio Caesaria. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ), 1(3), 119-222. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i3.77
Statistics Canada. (2013). Canadians in context-Aging population. Statistics Canada.
Stewart, M., & Cox-Davenport, R. (2015). Comparative Analysis of Registered Nurses' and Nursing Students' Attitudes and Use of Nonpharmacologic Methods of Pain Management. Pain Management Nursing, 16(4), 499-502. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2014.09.010
Terre Blanche, M., Durrheim, K., & Painter, D. (2014). Research in Practice. University of Cape Town Press.
Tracy, S. (2013). Qualitative research methods. Wiley-Blackwell.
Undari-Schwarts, S. (2017). Purposeful pain assessment in older adults with delirium can improve outcomes. Pain Management Nursing, 18(2), 64. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2017.02.158
Urden, L., Stacy, K., & Lough, M. (2013). Critical care nursing. Elsevier.
Veal, F., Williams, M., Bereznicki, L., Cummings, E., Thompson, A., Peterson, G., & Winzenberg, T. (2018). Barriers to Optimal Pain Management in Aged Care Facilities: An Australian Qualitative Study. Pain Management Nursing, 19(2), 177-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2017.10.002
Williamson, K., Given, L.M. & Scifleet, P. (2018). Qualitative data analysis. In K.Williamson & G. Johanson (eds.), Research methods, pp. 453–476, Chandos Publishing
Zwakhalen, S., Hamers, J., Peijnenburg, R., & Berger, M. (2017). Nursing Staff Knowledge and Beliefs about Pain in Elderly Nursing Home Residents with Dementia. Pain Research and Management, 12(3), 177-184. doi: 10.1155/2007/518484
