Overview of Psychological Distress among Female Workers at PT. Jatisari Tobacco Raya, Jember, Indonesia

In the past decade, women were found working in tobacco factories. Stress that occurs in the workplace results from emotional and physical reactions due to the failure of individuals to adapt to a work environment where there is a mismatch between expectations and reality. This study aimed to identify the psychological distress among female tobacco workers. The research design used in this research is descriptive research. The of respondents required in this study is 91 respondents. Sampling was done by using a random sampling method. The data collection tool used in this study was the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire. The results showed that most of the respondents never experienced stress. Some respondents often experience stress with symptoms of overreaction to a situation, and some respondents experience stress all the time with symptoms of not feeling positive and experiencing shaking or tremors in their hands. Respondents who often experience anxiety feel symptoms of panic and worthlessness, and respondents who experience severe anxiety at any time feel symptoms of changes in heart rate even though they do not do physical activity (feel their heart rate increases). Lack of training and low education cause job stress for workers. Lack of placement scenarios not by the workers' abilities will make them less confident and experience difficulties dealing with situations that can cause anxiety. Women working in tobacco factories must handle the stress for their mental and physical health.


INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the female who works is not a taboo in society. Sometimes women are forced to leave their careers for the sake of their families because of the assumption that a woman's job is to take care of the household at home. However, women currently play almost as big a role as men (BKKBN, 2016). The role of women today is no longer as someone who gives birth to children (reproduction) and takes care of the household. Women also play the role of skilled housewives. Today's women have acquired the skills and abilities to be housewives and equal to their partners and husbands (Robboth, 2016).
Currently, women work in domestic services, companies, factories, and local businesses. A woman's motivation to work varies. Some of them are triggered by their personal needs, working to help the family's economy, filling their spare time, taking advantage of education from school to college, and other reasons behind women working. Working women can also benefit their families financially (Sarah et al., 2017).
Married women who have children have heavier roles and responsibilities than unmarried women. The women finally have a dual role in the family and the work. This dual role can cause conflict among these women. On the one hand, women are required to be able to carry out their roles and duties as housewives who are responsible for taking care of and fostering a good family. On the other hand, women are required to be able to work well according to the standards given by their workplace by showing good performance (Ruslina, 2014).
It is not easy for a woman to carry out her roles simultaneously. Female employees who are married and have children have heavier roles and responsibilities than single women. Women factory workers also have dual roles because apart from playing a role in the family, women also play a role in their work. Role conflict is what triggers work stress. Every job can be said to cause stress because it is based on too much workload, role conflict, and the process of adjusting relationships with other people that can cause stress (Smet, 1994). This dual role conflict that occurs will be a

METHOD
The research design used in this research is descriptive research. The population in this study were all female workers at PT Jatisari Tobacco Raya, Jember Regency, totaling 616 workers. The minimum number of respondents required in this study is 83 respondents. Then 10% of the respondents were added so that the respondents' needs were 91, with the criteria of respondents being female PT Jatisari Tobacco Raya workers. Sampling was done by using a random sampling method. The data collection tool used in this study was a questionnaire. There is one questionnaire in this study, namely the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate techniques in SPSS 21 software with scoring, coding, cleaning, and concluding.

Characteristics of Respondents
The characteristics of female workers at PT Jatisari Tobacco Raya in this study include age, marital status, and last education. Data on respondent characteristics based on age can be seen in Table 1, and data on respondent characteristics based on marital status and latest education in the Table 2. Based on Table 1, the characteristics of the 91 respondents in this study are that the average age of the respondents is 37.15 years, the median value is 36 years, the standard deviation is 8.361, the youngest age is 21 years, and the oldest is 68 years old.

Description of Respondents' Psychological Distress
The description of the respondent's psychological distress is done by distributing the DASS 21 questionnaire to female workers. Psychological distress variables are divided into three variables: stress, depression, and anxiety.

Stress
The description of the perceived stress on female workers is described in Table 2.  Table 4. shows that 91 respondents did not experience stress or were in the normal category (91.2%). However, the study also found that respondents experienced heavy stress (1.1%).  Based on Table 5, it is found that the characteristics of respondents in the form of recent education affect stress on respondents. The study's results found that the characteristics of the respondents affected severe stress with the last education graduated from elementary school. The characteristics of the respondent's marriage cannot be distinguished whether it affects stress because all respondents are married (same/homogeneous answer variants).

Depression
The description of perceived depression in female workers is described in the following table. Based on Table 6, it was found that, out of 91 respondents, most of them had never experienced depression (more than 60%). Respondents less than 30% sometimes experience depression. Then less than 10% of respondents often experience depression, with symptoms of feeling anxious as much as 9.9%. And there are only 1.1% of respondents experience depression at any time, with symptoms of feeling that there is nothing that can be felt in the future and having difficulty dealing with disturbances. Based on Table 7, as many as 91 respondents, most of them did not experience depression or were in the normal category (65.9%). However, the study also found that respondents experienced severe depression (1.1%).   Total  60  100  18  100  12 100  0  0  1  100 Based on Table 8, it is found that the characteristics of respondents in the form of recent education affect depression in respondents. The study results found that the characteristics of the respondents that influenced depression were very severe with the last education graduating from elementary school. The characteristics of the respondent's marriage cannot be distinguished whether it affects stress because all respondents are married (same/homogeneous answer variants).

Anxiety
The description of the anxiety felt by female workers is described in the following table. Based on Table 9, it was found that out of 91 respondents who answered, most of them had never experienced anxiety (more than 57%). Less than 34% of respondents sometimes experience anxiety. Then less than 10% of respondents often experience stress with symptoms of feeling panicked and worthless, as much as 9.9%. There are 2.2% of respondents who experience severe anxiety at any time with symptoms of changes in heart rate even though they are not doing physical activity (e.g., feeling that their heart rate is increasing).   Table 10 shows that as many as 91 respondents mostly did not experience anxiety or were in the normal category (41.8%). However, the study's results also found that respondents experienced severe anxiety (2.2%).  Based on Table 11, it is found that the characteristics of the respondents in the form of the last education affect the respondents' anxiety. The study's results found that the characteristics of the respondents that influenced anxiety were very severe with the last education graduating from elementary school. The characteristics of the respondent's marriage cannot be distinguished whether it affects stress because all respondents are married (same/homogeneous answer variants.

DISCUSSION
Based on the results of research that have been carried out regarding the description of psychological distress in female workers at PT Jatisari Tobacco Raya, it shows that the characteristics of the 91 respondents in this study are the average age of respondents 37.15 years, the median value is 36 years, the standard deviation is 8.361, The youngest was 21 years old, and the oldest was 68 years old. The characteristics of 91 respondents in this study were all married (100%). Most respondents' last education was elementary school graduation (63.7%).
According to Fitri (2015), younger workers are more prone to work stress. Older workers have more work experience than younger workers. In contrast to the opinion of Anoraga (2016), which states that the older a person is, the more likely he is to experience work stress, considering that with increasing age, the more complex the problems or problems faced. The difference in the study results occurred because of the differences in the characteristics of the research respondents. Respondents of this study require a high level of experience to cope with work stress caused by the treatment of company management. The more mature the respondent is, the more he can control his emotions compared to the teenage respondent, so respondents with an older age tend to be able to cope with work stress. The difference in the results of this study may be due to the more mature age. It is easier to control emotions and make wise decisions based on the experience they have gained. Workers who mostly graduated from elementary school followed the conditions in Jember Regency (Wuryaningsih et al., 2019), that there are still many productive age workers who have graduated from elementary school, so they choose to become workers in the tobacco sector. Apart from being easy to do, they also have no other choice in choosing work because they cannot enter the industrial sector or other sectors because they only have an elementary school diploma; not even a few have not finished elementary school.
All married female workers have multiple roles. Women workers are often faced with multiple roles. Women with multiple roles tend to find it difficult to manage their time and have limited time for work and family. According to Greenhaus and Beutell (Ratna et al., 2014), multiple-role conflict (work-family conflict) is defined as a form of role conflict within a person that arises due to role pressure from work instead of role pressure from the family. Difficulties and pressures that occur due to multiple roles can cause a person to create a stressor factor. Ratna et al. (2014) divides three categories of potential causes of stress (stressors): the environment, organization, and individual. Furthermore, he also explained that surveys that have been conducted consistently show that people regard personal and family relationships as very valuable. Marital difficulties, relationship breakdowns, and difficulties disciplining children are examples of relationship problems that create stress for employees and can carry over to the workplace.

Stress
The results showed that of the 91 respondents who answered, most had never experienced stress (more than 64%). Respondents, less than 34%, sometimes experience stress. Then less than 10% of respondents often experience stress with symptoms of overreaction to a situation, as much as 9.9%. Only 1.1% of respondents experience stress at any time, with symptoms of not feeling positive and experiencing shaking or tremors in their hands. The majority of 91 respondents did not experience stress or were in the normal category (91.2%). However, the study also found that respondents experienced severe stress (1.1%). Characteristics of respondents in the form of recent education affect stress on respondents. The study's results found that the characteristics of the respondents that influenced severe stress in the last education graduated from elementary school. The characteristics of the respondent's marriage cannot be distinguished whether it affects stress because all respondents are married (same/homogeneous answer variants).
Age is one of the factors that can affect the stress level experienced by a person. With increasing age, workers will have more experience and more stable adaptability or adjustment; the responsibilities and workloads that workers must carry out are not influenced by age. Both young and old workers have workloads that are not different, so the age variable is not related to the work stress variable.
Female workers experience tremors and overreaction can be caused by muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue is a tremor in the muscles/feeling of pain in the muscles. Moderate general fatigue is usually characterized by reduced willingness to work caused by monotony, intensity and duration of physical work, environmental conditions, mental causes, health status and nutritional conditions. This is in accordance with what was stated by Astuti (2017). The monotonous work in tobacco makes respondents easy to experience tremors and overreactions because most of the workers are women. Between women sometimes conflicts arise which can cause stress and overreaction.
Then for the education of most workers who only graduated from elementary school, according to Irkhami (2014) that education is very important because to improve the knowledge and skills of workers in this section it is not obtained from formal education but through experience and training on production procedures every day. If the workers can not adapt and do the job can cause stress. Education affects the level of stress in respondents because someone with a higher level of education has intellectual abilities so that they are required to process information in complex work. It can be concluded that the higher the level of education, the better skills and knowledge in controlling work stress (Wahyuningsih, 2021).
While marriage can or does not affect stress because not all married individuals will experience stress at work because it depends on the individual's ability to solve problems that exist in the family so that it does not interfere with their work, so marital status does not have a strong relationship with work stress. Indeed, married respondents will bear the survival of their families, but these respondents can bear it so that marital status is not related to work stress (Suci, 2018).

Depression
The results showed that of the 91 respondents answered most of them had never experienced depression (more than 60%). Respondents less than 30% who sometimes experience depression. Then less than 10% of respondents who often experience depression with symptoms of feeling anxious as much as 9.9%. There are only 1.1% of respondents who experience depression at any time with symptoms of feeling that there is nothing that can be felt in the future and having difficulty dealing with disturbances. Most of the 91 respondents did not experience depression or were in the normal category (65.9%). However, the study's results also found that respondents experienced very severe depression (1.1%). Characteristics of respondents in the form of recent education affect depression in respondents. The study results found that the characteristics of the respondents that influenced depression were very severe with the last education graduating from elementary school. The characteristics of the respondent's marriage cannot be distinguished whether it affects stress because all respondents are married (same/homogeneous answer variants). Workers are depressed with symptoms of anxiety and feel that there is nothing to gain froms.

Anxiety
The results showed that of the 91 respondents answered most of them had never experienced anxiety (more than 57%). Respondents less than 34% who sometimes experience anxiety. Then less than 10% of respondents who often experience anxiety with symptoms of feeling panicked and worthless are 9.9%. There are 2.2% of respondents who experience severe anxiety at any time with symptoms of changes in heart rate, even though they do not do physical activity (eg feel that their heart rate is increasing). A total of 91 respondents mostly did not experience anxiety or were in the normal category (41.8%). However, the study's results also found that respondents experienced severe anxiety (2.2%). characteristics of respondents in the form of recent education affect anxiety in respondents. The results of the study found that the characteristics of the respondents that influenced anxiety were very severe with the last education graduating from elementary school. The characteristics of the respondent's marriage cannot be distinguished whether it affects stress or not because all respondents are married (same/homogeneous answer variants).
Respondents experienced symptoms of panic and felt worthless due to lack of training at work. This is in accordance with Pratiwi's research (2018) that feelings of panic and difficulty doing work and worrying about work results are accompanied by symptoms of palpitations. This can be due to workers' absence or lack of training, so these workers can become anxious. Lack of training and low education cause job stress for workers. Lack of training or placement scenarios that are not in accordance with workers' abilities will make them less confident and experience difficulties in dealing with situations that can cause anxiety.

CONCLUSION
The results showed that the average age of the respondents was 37.15 years, the mean was 36 years, the standard deviation was 8.361 with the youngest age being 21 years and the oldest being 68 years old. Everyone is married. Most of the respondents' last education was elementary school graduation. Most of the respondents never experienced stress. Some respondents often experience stress with symptoms of overreaction to a situation. Some respondents experience stress with symptoms of not feeling positive and experiencing shaking or tremors in their hands.
Recent education affects the stress on respondents with the last education graduating from elementary school. The characteristics of the respondent's marriage cannot be distinguished whether it affects stress because all respondents are married. Most have never experienced depression. Respondents who often experience depression feel symptoms of feeling anxious and respondents who experience depression at any time feel symptoms of feeling that there is nothing that can be felt in the future and find it difficult to deal with disturbances. Characteristics of respondents in the form of recent education affect depression in respondents with the last education graduated from elementary school. The characteristics of the respondent's marriage cannot be distinguished whether it affects stress because all respondents are married. Most of the respondents had never experienced anxiety. Respondents who often experience anxiety feel symptoms of panic and worthlessness and respondents who experience severe anxiety at any time feel symptoms of changes in heart rate even though they do not do physical activity (e.g., feel their heart rate increases). Characteristics of respondents in the form of recent education affect anxiety in respondents with the last education graduated from elementary school. The characteristics of the respondent's marriage cannot be distinguished whether it affects stress because all respondents are married.