Nurses’ Knowledge of Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Prevention Strategies: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53713/nhsj.v3i2.236Keywords:
Knowledge, Nurses, Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment, Prevention StrategiesAbstract
The development of PUs consequently results in significant physical, financial, and emotional burdens on the affected patients and their relatives including healthcare providers. This study aimed to assess knowledge of pressure ulcer risk assessment (PURA) and prevention strategies among nurses at University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive design among 264 nurses was selected through a simple random sampling technique using a structured pre-tested questionnaire for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The level of significance is set at a p-value <0.05. The mean age of participants was 40.59 ± 9.88 years. Findings revealed that an average of 51.1% of respondents had adequate knowledge of PURA. However, adequate knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention strategies was recorded among just a little above average 67.8%. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed no significant relationship between respondents’ level of education and their knowledge of pressure ulcer risk assessment as well as their knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention strategies (p>0.05). Knowledge of pressure ulcer and prevention strategies was inadequate. Nurses need regular training programs to improve their knowledge and skills in PURA and the prevention of pressure ulcers among at-risk patients according to international best practices in order to bridge the previously identified gaps.
References
Adegoke, B. O., Odole, A. C., Akindele, L. O., & Akinpelu, A. O. (2013). Pressure ulcer prevalence among hospitalised adults in university hospitals in South-west Nigeria. Wound Practice & Research: Journal of the Australian Wound Management Association, 21(3), 128–134.
Akiseku, A. K., Sule-Odu, A. O., Adefuye, P. O., Jagun, O. E., & Shorunmu, T. O. (2020). Review of Current Concept in the Management. Nigerian Medical Practitioner, 78(1–2), 24–32.
Aloweni, F., Ang, S. Y., Fook‐Chong, S., Agus, N., Yong, P., Goh, M. M., Tucker‐Kellogg, L., & Soh, R. C. (2019). A prediction tool for hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers among surgical patients: Surgical pressure ulcer risk score. International Wound Journal, 16(1), 164–175.
Awad, W. H., & Hewi, S. A. (2020). Effect of pressure ulcer preventive nursing interventions on knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses among hospitalized geriatric patients in Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Nursing Health Science, 9(2), 1–2.
Awali, Z. M., Nagshabandi, E. A., & Elgmail, A. (2018). The Effect of Implementing Pressure Ulcer Prevention Educational Protocol on Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices. Nursing and Primary Care, 2(4), 1–7.
Biçer, E. K., Güçlüel, Y., Türker, M., Kepiçoglu, N. A., Sekerci, Y. G., & Say, A. (2019). Pressure ulcer prevalence, incidence, risk, clinical features, and outcomes among patients in a Turkish hospital: a cross-sectional, retrospective study. Wound Manag Prev, 65(2), 20–28.
Boyko, T. V, Longaker, M. T., & Yang, G. P. (2018). Review of the current management of pressure ulcers. Advances in Wound Care, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2016.0697
Campoi, A. L., Engel, R. H., Stacciarini, T. S., Cordeiro, A. L., Melo, A. F., & Rezende, M. P. (2019). Permanent education for good practices in the prevention of pressure injury: almost-experiment. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72, 1646–1652.
Dayalal, P. D., Kaushal, P., & Jitendra, P. (2020). A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of the Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge of Staff Nurses regarding use of Braden Scale on Pressure Sore in selected Hospitals. International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management, 7(3), 275–278. https://doi.org/10.5958/2454-2652.2019.00064.7
Delmore, B., Deppisch, M., Sylvia, C., C., L.-A., & Nie, A. M. (2019). Pressure injuries in the pediatric population: a national pressure ulcer advisory panel white paper. Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 32(9), 394–408. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000577124.58253.66
Dlungwane, T. P. (2020). Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding pressure ulcer prevention in the Umgungundlovu District, South Africa. Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 22(2).
Ebi, W. E., Hirko, G. F., & Mijena, D. A. (2019). Nurses’ knowledge to pressure ulcer prevention in public hospitals in Wollega: a cross-sectional study design. BMC Nursing, 18(1), 1–2.
Edward, M. I., Ajibade, O. S., Adewoyin, F. R., & Adeoyin, A. B. (2021). Knowledge and perception of nurses on use of Braden Scale in predicting patients’ pressure ulcer risks in selected hospitals in Ondo State. Bayero Journal of Nursing and Health Care, 3(ue 1), 748–757.
Fletcher, J., & Hall, J. (2020). New guidance on how to define and measure pressure ulcers. Nursing Times, 114(10), 41–44.
Ghali, H., Rejeb, B., Chelly, S., Cheikh, A. B., Khefacha, S., & Latiri, H. (2018). Incidence and risk factors of pressure ulcers in a Tunisian University Hospital. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 66(5).
Gould, L. J., Bohn, G., Bryant, R., Paine, T., Couch, K., Cowan, L., & Simman, R. (2019). Pressure ulcer summit 2018: An interdisciplinary approach to improve our understanding of the risk of pressure‐induced tissue damage. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 27(5), 497–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12730
Guo, Y., Liang, X., Zhu, W., Zhang, Y., Zhu, H., & Zhu, Z. (2018). The prevalence of pressure ulcer and hospital acquired pressure ulcer in hospitalized patients in China: a meta-analysis. Chin Nursing Management, 18(7), 907–914.
Halász, G. B., Bérešová, A., Tkáčová, Ľ., Magurová, D., & Lizáková, Ľ. (2021). Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards prevention of pressure ulcers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041705
Headlam, J., & Illsley, A. (2020). Pressure ulcers: an overview. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 81(12), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2020.0074
Huang, C., Ma, Y., Wang, C., Jiang, M., Yuet, F. L., Lv, L., & Han, L. (2021). Predictive validity of the braden scale for pressure injury risk assessment in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Nursing Open, 8(5), 2194–2207.
Ibrahim, N. M., & Qalawa, S. A. (2020). Effect of implementing standardized preventive guidelines for pressure ulcer on nurses’ performance. American Journal of Nursing, 8(2), 163–169. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajnr/8/2/5.
Ilesanmi, R. E., & Oluwatosin, O. M. (2016). A quasi-experimental study to assess an interactive educational intervention on nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention in Nigeria. Ostomy/Wound Management, 62(4), 30–40.
Iyun, A. O., Malomo, A. O., Oluwatosin, O. M., Ademola, S. A., & Shokunbi, M. T. (2012). Pattern of presentation of pressure ulcers in traumatic spinal cord injured patients in University College Hospital, Ibadan. International Wound Journal, 9(2), 206–213. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51754771
Jackson, D., Sarki, A. M., Betteridge, R., & Brooke, J. (2019). Medical device-related pressure ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 92, 109–120.
Jansen, R. C., Silva, K. B., & Moura, M. E. (2020). Braden Scale in pressure ulcer risk assessment. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 73. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0413
Jiang, L., Li, L., & Lommel, L. (2020). Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to pressure injury prevention: A large‐scale cross‐sectional survey in mainland China. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(17–18), 3311–3324. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15358
Karimian, M., Khalighi, E., Salimi, E., Borji, M., Tarjoman, A., & Mahmoudi, Y. (2020). The effect of educational intervention on the knowledge and attitude of intensive care nurses in the prevention of pressure ulcers. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine, 31(2), 89–95.
Khojastehfar, S., Ghezeljeh, T. N., & Haghani, S. (2020). Factors related to knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses in intensive care unit in the area of pressure ulcer prevention: A multicenter study. Journal of Tissue Viability, 29(2), 76–81.
Mäki‐Turja‐Rostedt, S., Leino‐Kilpi, H., Korhonen, T., Vahlberg, T., & Haavisto, E. (2021). Consistent practice for pressure ulcer prevention in long‐term older people care: A quasi‐experimental intervention study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 35(3), 962–978.
Mohamed, S. S., & Ibraheem, R. A. (2019). Effect of Preventive Bundle Care on Nurses’ Knowledge, Compliance and Patients’ Outcome Regarding Pressure Ulcer in the Intensive Care Unit. Evidence-Based Nursing Research, 1(4), 5–12.
Nasreen, S., Afzal, M., Sarwar, H., & Waqas, A. (2017). Nurses knowledge and practices toward pressure ulcer prevention in General Hospital Lahore. Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3. https://doi.org/10.21276/sjmps.
Noor, A. M., & Hassan, H. S. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interventional Program on Nursing Staff’ Knowledge Concerning Prevention of Pressure Ulcer at the Intensive Care Unit in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15(3).
Padula, W. V, & Delarmente, B. A. (2019). The national cost of hospital‐acquired pressure injuries in the United States. International Wound Journal, 16(3), 634–640.
Pandhare, S. P., & Dhudum, B. (2018). Effectiveness of planned teaching program regarding use of Braden Scale for pressure sore on knowledge and practices among staff nurses working in selected Hospitals. Amarjeet Kaur Sandhu, 10(4).
Qalawa, S. A., & El-Ata, A. B. (2016). Effectiveness of designed educational programme for nurse’s regarding using the braden scale to predict pressure ulcer risk. American Journal of Nursing Science, 5(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20160501.11
Saranasinghe, S. A., & Seneviratne, S. M. (2021). Knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers for prevention of pressure ulcers among nurses in the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. Proceedings of the Research Conference in Health Sciences 2021-FAHS. USJ, 107–194.
Sardari, M., Esmaeili, R., Ravesh, N. N., & Nasiri, M. (2019). The impact of pressure ulcer training program on nurses’ performance. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research, 9(3).
Sen, S. (2020). Nurses knowledge and practices toward pressure ulcer prevention in Medical Hospital, Kolkata. Journal Homepage, 8(04). http://ijmr.
Sengul, T., & Karadag, A. (2020). Determination of nurses’ level of knowledge on the prevention of pressure ulcers: The case of Turkey. Journal of Tissue Viability, 29(4), 337–341.
Seo, Y., & Roh, Y. S. (2020). Effects of pressure ulcer prevention training among nurses in long-term care hospitals. Nurse Education Today, 84(104225). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104225
Service, N. H. (2020). Overview of pressure ulcers. Https://Www.Nhsuk/about-Us/Niraj. https://www.nhsuk/about-us/Niraj
Sham, F., Sharif, I. B., Moksin, N., & Selamat, H. (2020). Knowledge, practice and perceived barrier of pressure ulcer prevention among nurses in a public hospital in Selangor. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 20(1), 325–335. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.Special1/art.738
Strazzieri-Pulido, K. C., Peres, G. R., Campanili, T. C., & Gouveia Santos, V. L. (2017). Incidence of skin tears and risk factors. Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, 44(1), 29–33.
Tharu, N., Alam, M., Bajracharya, S., & Kabir, M. (2021). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Caregivers Towards Pressure Ulcer in Spinal Cord Injury at Rehabilitation Center in Bangladesh. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-225668/v1.
