The Relationship Between The Levels Of Intercultural Sensitivity And Cultural Intelligence In Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
The Relationship Between The Levels Of Intercultural Sensitivity And Cultural Intelligence
Abstract
The holistic approach in nursing requires consideration of the cultures of patients receiving healthcare. Every individual has the right to receive culturally appropriate nursing care, which is not a privilege but a human right. This study was utilized to determine the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and cultural intelligence in nurses. The study population consisted of 741 nurses working at state hospitals in Northern Cyprus. A stratified sampling method was used to recruit 300 participants. A descriptive information form, intercultural sensitivity scale, and cultural intelligence scale were used for data collection. The mean intercultural sensitivity scale and cultural intelligence scale scores were 76.20±8.92 and 64.72±14.2, respectively. There was a positive and statistically significant relationship between the intercultural sensitivity scale scores and the scores obtained from the cultural intelligence scale and its subscales (p<0.05). Squared partial correlation showed that the place of residence had the highest impact on intercultural sensitivity. The levels of intercultural sensitivity were moderate, but cultural intelligence was low. There was a positive relationship between intercultural sensitivity and cultural intelligence and its subscales. Therefore, we recommend planning in-service training to improve the levels of cultural intelligence and intercultural sensitivity so that nurses can provide high-quality nursing care, avoid discrimination, and establish therapeutic relationships with people with different cultural backgrounds, whose numbers have increased as a result of factors, such as migration or health tourism.
References
Abaslı, K., & Polat, Ş. (2019). The Examination of Students’ Views on Intercultural Sensitivity and Cultural Intelligence. Anemon Journal of Social Sciences of Mus Alparslan University, 7(1), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.419526
Aksoy, N., & Akkoc, M. G. (2019). Intercultural Sensitivity Levels and Cultural Difference Perceptions of Physicians and Nurses. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 28(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.26650/fnjn18002
Alifuddin, M., & Widodo, W. (2022). How Is Cultural Intelligence Related to Human Behavior? Journal of Intelligence, 10(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10010003
Alizadeh, S., & Chavan, M. (2016). Cultural competence dimensions and outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. Health and Social Care in the Community, 24(6), e117–e130. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12293
Aslan, Sinan, & Kizir, Z. (2019). Investigation of the Relationship Between Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Intelligence of Nurses Working in a Hospital. Manisa Celal Bayar University Journal of Instıtude of Health Science, 6(2), 115–120. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.527215
Bulduk, S., Tosun, H., & Ardi, E. (2011). Measurement Properties of Turkish Intercultural Sensitivity Scale Among Nursing Students. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics, 19(1), 25–31. Retrieved from https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/en-turkce-kulturler-arasi-duyarlilik-olceginin-hemsirelik-ogrencilerinde-olcumsel-ozellikleri-60051.html
Chamie, J. (2020). International Migration amid a World in Crisis. Journal on Migration and Human Security. https://doi.org/10.1177/2331502420948796
Çiftçi, B., Aras, G. N., & Yıldız, Ö. (2021). Examining the correlation between intercultural sensitivity and individualized care perception of nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 102, 104937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104937
Çingöl, N., Karakaş, M., Çelebi, E., & Zengin, S. (2021). Determining the effect of an intercultural nursing course on empathic skill and intercultural sensitivity levels: An intervention study. Nurse Education Today, 99(December 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104782
Dur, Ş., Göl, İ., Erkin, Ö., & Yildiz, N. U. (2022). The effect of moral intelligence on cultural sensitivity in nurses. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(4), 2423–2432. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.13077
Göl, İ., & Arkan, G. (2022). The relationship between moral competence and cultural sensitivity levels of nurses working in primary healthcare institutions: A cross-sectional study in Turkey. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 341–353. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.977600
Göl, İ., & Erkin, Ö. (2019). Association between cultural intelligence and cultural sensitivity in nursing students: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Collegian, 26(4), 485–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.12.007
Gönderen Çakmak, H. S., Küçük, E. Ö., Ağadayı, E., & Kahveci, R. (2020). Intercultural Sensitivity and Opinions of Nurses Working in a Research Hospital on Immigrant Patients. Ankara Medical Journal, 20(4), 882–894. https://dx.doi.org/10.5505/amj.2020.80488
İlhan, M., & Çetin, B. (2014). Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the cultural intelligence scale. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 29(2). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286534638
Konlan, K. D., Lee, T. W., & Damiran, D. (2023). The factors that are associated with nurse immigration in lower- and middle-income countries: An integrative review. Nursing Open, 10(12), 7454-7466. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.2003
Larsen, R., Mangrio, E., & Persson, K. (2020). Interpersonal Communication in Transcultural Nursing Care in India: A Descriptive Qualitative Study. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659620920693
Li, M. (2020). An examination of two major constructs of cross-cultural competence: Cultural intelligence and intercultural competence. Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 110105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110105
Ličen, S., & Prosen, M. (2023). The development of cultural competences in nursing students and their significance in shaping the future work environment: a pilot study. BMC Medical Education, 23(1), 819. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04800-5
Macklin, G. (2022). The Extreme Right, Climate Change and Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 34(5), 979–996. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2022.2069928
Majda, A., Elżbieta, I., & Barzykowski, K. (2020). Cultural Competence and Cultural Intelligence of Healthcare Professionals Providing Emergency Medical Services. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11547. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111547
Maral, K., & Çapar Çiftçi, M. (2020). Determination of Intercultural Sensitivity of Clinical Nurses in a University Hospital. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences, 12(2), 257–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/nurses.2019-72394
Maria, J., & Isabel, M. (2020). Intercultural Communication between Long-Stay Immigrants and Catalan Primary Care Nurses: A Qualitative Approach to Rebalancing Power. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062851
Pacquiao, D. F., Katz, J. R., Sattler, V., Zha, P., & Daub, K. F. (2020). Development of the Clients’ Perceptions of Providers’ Cultural Competency Instrument. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659620962559
Polat, Ş., & Terzi, B. (2020). Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Nurses and Related Factors. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History, 28(2), 216–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/mdethic.2019-71551
Presbitero, A. (2020). Foreign language skill, anxiety, cultural intelligence and individual task performance in global virtual teams: A cognitive perspective. Journal of International Management, 26(2), 100729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2019.100729
Pressley, C., Newton, D., Garside, J., Simkhada, P., & Simkhada, B. (2022). Global migration and factors that support acculturation and retention of international nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 4, 100083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2022.100083
Purabdollah, M., Tabrizi, F. M., Khorami Markani, A., & Poornaki, L. S. (2021). Intercultural sensitivity, intercultural competence and their relationship with perceived stress among nurses: evidence from Iran. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24(7), 687–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1816944
Taylan, C., & Weber, L. T. (2023). "Don't let me be misunderstood": communication with patients from a different cultural background. Pediatric Nephrology, 38(3), 643–649.
Toda, T., & Maru, M. (2018). Cultural Sensitivity of Japanese Nurses: Exploring Clinical Application of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Open Journal of Nursing, 08(09), 640–655. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2018.89048
Uludağ, E., & Mumcu, B. (2023). The effects of cultural and emotional intelligence on care in nursing. Health Sciences Quarterly, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.26900/hsq.1721
Walkowska, A., Przymuszała, P., Nowosadko, M., & Baum, E. (2022). Enhancing Cross-Cultural Competence of Medical and Healthcare Students with the Use of Simulated Patients—A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2505. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032505
Wang, K. T., & Goh, M. (2020). Cultural intelligence. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences: Clinical, Applied, and Cross‐Cultural Research, 269-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118970843.ch310
Yilmaz, M., Toksoy, S., Direk, Z. D., Bezirgan, S., & Boylu, M. (2017). Cultural Sensitivity Among Clinical Nurses: A Descriptive Study. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 49(2), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12276
Zhao, X. (2021). Challenges and Barriers in Intercultural Communication between Patients with Immigration Backgrounds and Health Professionals: A Systematic Literature Review. Health Communication, 38(4), 824–833. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.1980188
