The effect of neuropathy exercises on decreasing the value of 10-gr monofilament in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53713/nhsj.v5i2.504Keywords:
neuropathy exercises, value of 10-gr monofilament, Diabetes MellitusAbstract
The most common chronic complication in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus is diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). DPN can occur in one in five people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to see the effect of neuropathy exercises on assessing symptoms of DPN using 10-gr monofilament. Methods: This research was quantitative research with a Pretest-Posttest one-group design approach, which aimed to see the effect of neuropathy exercises on reducing the assessment of symptoms of DPN using 10-gr monofilament. The intervention carried out for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus was neuropathy exercises. In the pretest, Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were assessed for symptoms of DPN using 10-gr monofilament. Then, neuropathy exercise intervention was given to the left and right legs, carried out daily for 15 minutes for 6 weeks. In the posttest, symptoms of DPN were assessed on the left and right foot using 10-gr monofilament. Results: The study showed that neuropathy exercises reduced the value of DPN symptoms in the left and right legs using 10-gr monofilament. Before the neuropathy exercise intervention, the value of neuropathy symptoms using 10-gr monofilament was Mean ± SD 10.42 ± 12.877; after the neuropathy exercise intervention, the value of neuropathy symptoms using 10 gr monofilament was 9.88 ± 2.904 with a value of p=0.01. Neuropathy exercises can be done as an alternative measure for the treatment of symptoms of DPN using 10-gr monofilament in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is recommended that neuropathy exercises be one of the protocols for reducing hyperglycemia and reducing complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as symptoms of DPN.
References
Anastasi, J. K., & Capili, B. (2022). Detecting Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes, Prediabetes and other High-Risk Conditions: An Advanced Practice Nurse's Perspective. Journal of Medical & Clinical Nursing, 3(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.47363/jmcn/2022(3)143
Ashoori, M., Pourahmadi, M., Hashemi, S. E., Dadgoo, M., & Hosseini, M. S. (2024). The effectiveness of neurodynamic techniques in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Study protocol for a randomized sham-controlled trial. Advanced Biomedical Research, 13, 6. https://doi.org/10.4103/abr.abr_180_23
Atmaca, A., Ketenci, A., Sahin, I., Sengun, I. S., Oner, R. I., Erdem Tilki, H., Adas, M., Soyleli, H., & Demir, T. (2024). Expert opinion on screening, diagnosis and management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A multidisciplinary approach. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1380929. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1380929
Babitha, R., & Subathra, T. A. (2020). The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination as a single effective screening tool in diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy when compared to vibration perception threshold. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 10(5), 419-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2020.10.03076202028032020
Bakara, D. M., Khoirini, F., & Manik, M. J. (2023). The Effect of Neuropathic Exercise on HbA1c Value in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Nursing Education, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.37506/ijone.v15i4.20037
Beigi, S., Shabkhiz, F., Kordi, M., Haghi-Ashtiani, B., Hashemi-Madani, N., & Zmijewski, P. (2023). The Effects of a 10-Week Aerobic and Unilateral Lower Extremity Resistance Training Program on Amplitude and Nerve Conduction Velocity of Sensory and Motor Nerves in Diabetic Patients with Neuropathy. Journal of Human Kinetics, 87(April), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/161610
Bishop, K., & Poole, R. (2022). Common tests for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Practical Diabetes, 39(6), 35–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi.2428
Daramola, I. C., Aleshinloye, O., Asinde, A., Bankejesu, N., Unachukwu, K., Algitagi, F. M. F., & Ifemeje, J. C. C. (2025). Diabetic Mellitus Peripheral Neuropathic Complications and Its Effect on the Wellbeing of African Americans. Open Access Library Journal, 12(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1112671
Esther, C., Ana Belen, O., Aranzazu, R., & Gabriel, G. (2021). Foot deformities in patients with diabetic mellitus (with and without peripheral neuropathy). Journal of Tissue Viability, 30(3), 346-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2021.04.001
Fernández-Torres, R., Ruiz-Muñoz, M., Pérez-Panero, A. J., García-Romero, J., & Gónzalez-Sánchez, M. (2020). Instruments of choice for assessment and monitoring diabetic foot: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020602
Galiero, R., Caturano, A., Vetrano, E., Beccia, D., Brin, C., Alfano, M., Di Salvo, J., Epifani, R., Piacevole, A., Tagliaferri, G., Rocco, M., Iadicicco, I., Docimo, G., Rinaldi, L., Sardu, C., Salvatore, T., Marfella, R., & Sasso, F. C. (2022). Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043554
Graciella, V., & Prabawati, D. (2020). The Effectiveness of Diabetic Foot Exercise to Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms and Fasting Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. 30(Ichd), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.201125.008
Hazari, A., Mishra, V., Kumar, P., & Maiya, A. (2024). The accuracy of 10 g monofilament use for clinical screening of diabetes peripheral neuropathy among Indian population. PLOS ONE, 19(2), e0297110. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297110
Kanaley, J. A., Colberg, S. R., Corcoran, M. H., Malin, S. K., Rodriguez, N. R., Crespo, C. J., Kirwan, J. P., & Zierath, J. R. (2022). Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 54(2), 353. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002800
Kosarian, Z., Zakerkish, M., Yazdi, M. S., & Hesam, S. (2022). The Effect of Physical Activity, Neuropathy, and Gender on People with Diabetes on Balance: A Cross-sectional Study. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 24(3), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2022.24.3.1516
Liu, J., Yuan, X., Liu, J., Yuan, G., Sun, Y., Zhang, D., Qi, X., Li, H., Zhang, J., Wen, B., & Guo, X. (2022). Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Foot Deformity Among the Population With Diabetes in Beijing, China: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 824215. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.824215
McIllhatton, A., Lanting, S., Lambkin, D., Leigh, L., Casey, S., & Chuter, V. (2021). Reliability of recommended non-invasive chairside screening tests for diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review with meta-analyses. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 9(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002528
Monteiro, R. L., Ferreira, J. S. S. P., Silva, É. Q., Cruvinel-Júnior, R. H., Veríssimo, J. L., Bus, S. A., & Sacco, I. C. N. (2022). Foot–ankle therapeutic exercise program can improve gait speed in people with diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11745-0
Purwaningsih, E., Wiratmoko, H., & Wiwit Suwanto, A. (2024). The Influence of Diabetic Foot Exercises on the Risk of Diabetic Ulcers in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 2(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v2i1.152
Ren, W., Duan, Y., Jan, Y. K., Ye, W., Li, J., Liu, W., Liu, H., Guo, J., Pu, F., & Fan, Y. (2021). Effect of Exercise Volume on Plantar Microcirculation and Tissue Hardness in People With Type 2 Diabetes. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 9(November), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.732628
Saltar, L., & Sahar, J. (2020). Effects of Physical Exercises on Peripheral Neuropathy Sensation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Asian Community Health Nursing Research, 2(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.29253/achnr.2020.21145
Sanklapur, V., Shruthi, S., & Attar, N. (2020). Accuracy of Monofilament in the Assessment of Diabetic Neuropathy. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 9–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2020/v18i730219
Seyedizadeh, S. H., Cheragh-Birjandi, S., & Hamedi Nia, M. R. (2020). The Effects of Combined Exercise Training (Resistance-Aerobic) on Serum Kinesin and Physical Function in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (Randomized Controlled Trials). Journal of Diabetes Research, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6978128
Silva, E. Q., Suda, E. Y., Santos, D. P., Veríssimo, J. L., Ferreira, J. S. S. P., Cruvinel Júnior, R. H., Monteiro, R. L., Sartor, C. D., & Sacco, I. C. N. (2020). Effect of an educational booklet for prevention and treatment of foot musculoskeletal dysfunctions in people with diabetic neuropathy: The FOotCAre (FOCA) trial II, a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 21(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-4115-8
Sloan, G., Selvarajah, D., & Tesfaye, S. (2021). Pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 17(7), 400-420. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00496-z
Su, X., He, J., Cui, J., Li, H., & Men, J. (2022). The effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on inflammatory factors and heart rate variability in middle-aged and older women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 27(6), e12996. https://doi.org/10.1111/anec.12996
Sukartini, T., Asmoro, C. P., & Alifah, N. (2020). The Influence of Diabetic Foot Exercise in Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy with Monofilament Test on Diabetes Mellitus Clients. Jurnal Ners, 14(3), 340. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v14i3.17263
Tatikola, S. P., Natarajan, V., Desai, V. K., Asirvatham, A. R., & Rajsekhar, H. (2022). Effect of various exercise protocols on neuropathic pain in individuals with type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 16(9), 102603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102603
Yu, Y. (2021). Gold Standard for Diagnosis of DPN. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12(October), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.719356
Zhang, Y. H., Hu, H. Y., Xiong, Y. C., Peng, C., Hu, L., Kong, Y. Z., Wang, Y. L., Guo, J. B., Bi, S., Li, T. S., Ao, L. J., Wang, C. H., Bai, Y. L., Fang, L., Ma, C., Liao, L. R., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Zhang, Z. J., … Wang, X. Q. (2021). Exercise for Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Expert Consensus. Frontiers in Medicine, 8(November). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.756940









