Effectiveness of TB cadre refreshment on increasing cadre knowledge regarding TB patient contact investigation activities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53713/nhsj.v5i2.514Keywords:
cadre refreshment, tuberculosis, cadre knowledge, TBC controlAbstract
Indonesia ranks second globally in tuberculosis (TBC) cases after India, with Jember Regency being one of the regions in East Java with a high TBC incidence. Health cadres play a key role in TBC control through early detection, public education, and monitoring treatment adherence. A refreshment program was implemented to update cadre knowledge and strengthen their capacity. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the cadre refreshment program in increasing knowledge about TBC in Jember Regency. This research employs a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design approach. The sample consisted of 41 health cadres selected purposively. Data were collected using questionnaires before and after the training and then analyzed using the paired t-test with a significance level 0.05. The study revealed a significant increase in cadre knowledge after participating in the training. The average pretest score was 14.9, rising to 18.9 in the posttest. The paired t-test showed a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a meaningful difference in knowledge before and after the intervention. The cadre refreshment program effectively enhances cadre understanding of TBC in the Jember Regency. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for the Health Office to optimize continuous cadre training to strengthen TBC control at the community level.
References
Adeoye, B. D., Michael, T. O., & Agbana, R. D. (2024). Insights, beliefs, and myths surrounding tuberculosis among pulmonary patients with delayed healthcare access in a high-burden TB state in Nigeria – a qualitative inquiry. Frontiers in Sociology, 9, 1378586. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1378586
Agbaje, A., Dakum, P., Daniel, O., Chukwuma, A., Chijoke-Akaniro, O., Okpokoro, E., ... & Adelekan, A. (2024). Challenges of Tuberculosis Screening and Existing Gaps in Contact Investigations in Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 9, 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0082.v1
Aifa, Suhari, S., & Ro’isah. (2024). The Correlation Between Self-Efficacy and Medication Adherence with the Quality of Life of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Randuagung Health Center, Lumajang Regency. Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 2(6), 564–570. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v2i6.289
Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023). Tuberculosis Management in Developing Countries. In Handbook of Medical and Health Sciences in Developing Countries: Education, Practice, and Research (pp. 1-40). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74786-2_52-1
Aranas, L. L., Alam, K., Gyawali, P., & Alam, R. M. (2023). Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Stigma Among HealthCare Workers Toward the Development of a Stigma-Reduction Strategy: A Scoping Review. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580231180754
Burke, R. M., Nliwasa, M., Feasey, H. R. A., Chaisson, L. H., Golub, J. E., Naufal, F., Shapiro, A. E., Ruperez, M., Telisinghe, L., Ayles, H., Corbett, E. L., & MacPherson, P. (2021). Community-based active case-finding interventions for tuberculosis: A systematic review. The Lancet Public Health, 6(5), e283-e299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00033-5
Chakaya, J., Khan, M., Ntoumi, F., Aklillu, E., Fatima, R., Mwaba, P., Kapata, N., Mfinanga, S., Hasnain, S. E., Katoto, P. D., Bulabula, A. N., Sam-Agudu, N. A., Nachega, J. B., Tiberi, S., McHugh, T. D., Abubakar, I., & Zumla, A. (2021). Global Tuberculosis Report 2020 – Reflections on the Global TB burden, treatment and prevention efforts. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 113, S7-S12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.107
Chetty-Makkan, C. M., Lessells, R., Charalambous, S., Velen, K., Makgopa, S., Gumede, D., Fielding, K., & Grant, A. D. (2021). Exploring the promise and reality of ward-based primary healthcare outreach teams conducting TB household contact tracing in three districts of South Africa. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0256033. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256033
Cioboata, R., Balteanu, M. A., Osman, A., Vlasceanu, S. G., Zlatian, O. M., Mitroi, D. M., Catana, O. M., Socaci, A., & Tieranu, N. (2025). Coinfections in Tuberculosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Clinical Implications, Diagnostic Challenges, and Management Strategies—A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(7), 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072154
Coleman, M., Martinez, L., Theron, G., Wood, R., & Marais, B. (2022). Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission in High-Incidence Settings—New Paradigms and Insights. Pathogens, 11(11), 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111228
Feasey, H. R., Burke, R. M., Nliwasa, M., Chaisson, L. H., Golub, J. E., Naufal, F., ... & Corbett, E. L. (2021). Do community-based active case-finding interventions have indirect impacts on wider TB case detection and determinants of subsequent TB testing behaviour? A systematic review. PLOS Global Public Health, 1(12), e0000088. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000088
Fitriadi, Y. (2023). Effort to Control Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) in the Community through Tuberculosis Alert Health Cadre Training. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health, 6(3), 133-138. https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.77331
Fitriati, A., Ramayulis, R., & Prihayati. (2024). Factors Related to Compliance in Taking Medication among Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) Patients. Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 2(5), 498–503. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v2i5.252
Gurrapu, P., Batchu, P., Shaik, A., & Kannan, G. (2025). Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). The One Health Model as Applied to Zoonotic Diseases, 168-172. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119985853.ch4.12
Haldane, V., Zhang, Z., Yin, T., Zhang, B., Li, Y., Pan, Q., ... & Wei, X. (2024). Exploring opportunities to strengthen rural tuberculosis health service delivery: a qualitative study with health workers in Tibet autonomous region, China. BMJ open, 14(5), e079062. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079062
Islam, M. S. (2021). Tuberculosis infection prevention and control policies, practices, and the risk of TB infection among healthcare workers. Doctoral dissertation, University of New South Wales (Australia). https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/24239
Kanabalan, R. D., Lee, L. J., Lee, T. Y., Chong, P. P., Hassan, L., Ismail, R., & Chin, V. K. (2021). Human tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: A review on genetic diversity, pathogenesis and omics approaches in host biomarkers discovery. Microbiological Research, 246, 126674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2020.126674
Kurniyawan, E. H., Dwi Putri Maharani, Annisa Maulida Sabrina Fitriani, Zenitha Gelina Inachys, Wisnu Phambudi, Alfid Tri Afandi, & Kholid Rosyidi Muhammad Nur. (2023). The Role Of The Family As Supervisors Of Tuberculosis Medication Adherence. International Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, 1(3), 304–316. https://doi.org/10.61777/ijmhs.v1i3.51
Megawati, D., Ainul Yaqin Salam, & Rizka Yunita. (2024). The Relationship Between Self-Stigma and Subjective Well-Being in Tuberculosis Patients. Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 2(5), 516–525. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v2i5.267
Nurani, Vidia, Aisyiah, and Intan Asri Nurani. (2022). The Effect of Health Promotion through Animation Videos on Adolescent’s Knowledge Related to Drugs Abuse. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) 2 (3):198-202. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v2i3.96.
Olawade, D. B., Eberhardt, J., David-Olawade, A. C., Balogun, M. A., Bolarinwa, O. A., & Esan, D. T. (2024). Transforming multidrug-resistant tuberculosis care: The potentials of telemedicine in resource-limited settings. Health Sciences Review, 12, 100185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2024.100185
Ramadhan, W and Yuni Wijiastutik. (2024). Ecological Analysis of Children Tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) 4 (1):71-75. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhsj.v4i1.328.
Reid, M., Agbassi, Y. J. P., Arinaminpathy, N., Bercasio, A., Bhargava, A., Bhargava, M., Bloom, A., Cattamanchi, A., Chaisson, R., Chin, D., Churchyard, G., Cox, H., Denkinger, C. M., Ditiu, L., Dowdy, D., Dybul, M., Fauci, A., Fedaku, E., Gidado, M., . . . Goosby, E. (2023). Scientific advances and the end of tuberculosis: A report from the Lancet Commission on Tuberculosis. The Lancet, 402(10411), 1473-1498. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01379-X
Rosapep, L. A., Faye, S., Johns, B., Olusola-Faleye, B., Baruwa, E. M., Sorum, M. K., ... & Atobatele, A. O. (2022). Tuberculosis care quality in urban Nigeria: A cross-sectional study of adherence to screening and treatment initiation guidelines in multi-cadre networks of private health service providers. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(1), e0000150. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000150
Shah, H. D., Nazli Khatib, M., Syed, Z. Q., Gaidhane, A. M., Yasobant, S., Narkhede, K., Bhavsar, P., Patel, J., Sinha, A., Puwar, T., Saha, S., & Saxena, D. (2022). Gaps and Interventions across the Diagnostic Care Cascade of TB Patients at the Level of Patient, Community and Health System: A Qualitative Review of the Literature. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 7(7), 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7070136
Thapa, P., Jayasuriya, R., Hall, J. J., Beek, K., Mukherjee, P., Gudi, N., & Narasimhan, P. (2021). Role of informal healthcare providers in tuberculosis care in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic scoping review. PLOS ONE, 16(9), e0256795. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256795
Tukamuhebwa, P. M., Munyewende, P., Tumwesigye, N. M., Nabirye, J., & Ndlovu, N. (2024). Health worker perspectives on barriers and facilitators of tuberculosis investigation coverage among index case contacts in rural Southwestern Uganda: a qualitative study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 24(1), 867. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09798-9
Velen, K., Shingde, R. V., Ho, J., & Fox, G. J. (2021). The effectiveness of contact investigation among contacts of tuberculosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Respiratory Journal, 58(6). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00266-2021
Westhuizen, H. M., Dorward, J., Roberts, N., Greenhalgh, T., Ehrlich, R., Butler, C. C., & Tonkin-Crine, S. (2022). Health worker experiences of implementing TB infection prevention and control: a qualitative evidence synthesis to inform implementation recommendations. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(7), e0000292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000292
Yayan, J., Franke, K. J., Berger, M., Windisch, W., & Rasche, K. (2024). Early detection of tuberculosis: a systematic review. Pneumonia, 16(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41479-024-00133-z
