The effect of prenatal yoga on pubic bone pain in pregnant women in the third trimester

Authors

  • Idah Rosidah Midwifery Study Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nasional Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Triana Indrayani Midwifery Study Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nasional Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Risza Choirunissa Midwifery Study Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nasional Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53713/nhsj.v5i3.576

Keywords:

prenatal yoga, pubic bone pain, trimester III

Abstract

Pubic bone pain is one of the discomforts that occurs in pregnant women in the third trimester. This problem often occurs in pregnant women, especially in the third trimester. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods can be used to manage pubic bone pain. Non-pharmacological pain management can be done in several ways, including relaxation, acupressure, and prenatal yoga. Prenatal yoga is one of the modifications of hatha yoga adapted to pregnant women's conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of prenatal yoga on pregnant women in the third trimester in overcoming pubic bone pain in the control and intervention groups. The method for this study uses quasi-experimental research, which uses a pre- and post-test design with a control group design. The sample in this study amounted to 50 pregnant women in the third trimester, consisting of 25 pregnant women in the intervention group and 25 pregnant women in the control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. This research instrument used pain measurement with the NRS. Due to abnormal distribution, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests, namely the Wilcoxon test. The results of the study showed that prenatal yoga affected pubic bone pain in third-trimester pregnant women, with a value of P = 0.000. Prenatal yoga was able to reduce pubic bone pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. The researcher was then able to provide both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment to pregnant women in the third trimester who experienced pubic bone pain.

References

Caruso, M., Di Serafino, M., Iacobellis, F., Verde, F., Grimaldi, D., Sabatino, V., Rinaldo, C., Schillirò, M. L., & Romano, L. (2022). Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment and Differential Diagnosis of Pelvic Pain in Pregnancy. Diagnostics, 12(3), 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030640

Daneau, C., Abboud, J., Marchand, A., Houle, M., Pasquier, M., Ruchat, S., & Descarreaux, M. (2021). Mechanisms Underlying Lumbopelvic Pain During Pregnancy: A Proposed Model. Frontiers in Pain Research, 2, 773988. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2021.773988

Didevar, M., Navvabi-Rigi, S. D., & Dadkhah, S. (2022). The effectiveness of heat therapy and cold therapy in labor pain intensity in primiparous women: A randomized controlled trial. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 11(3), 171-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/nms.nms_87_21

Fiat, F., Merghes, P. E., Scurtu, A. D., Almajan Guta, B., Dehelean, C. A., Varan, N., & Bernad, E. (2022). The Main Changes in Pregnancy—Therapeutic Approach to Musculoskeletal Pain. Medicina, 58(8), 1115. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081115

Franciska, Y., Yuka, A. A., & Wilma, W. (2021). Relieve Labor Pain With Hypno Prenatal and Prenatal Yoga. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kesehatan, 9(1), 60-70. https://doi.org/10.32668/jitek.v9i1.579

Gashaw, M., Yitayal, M. M., Zemed, A., Nigatu, S. G., Kasaw, A., Belay, D. G., Aragaw, F. M., Endalew, M., Tsega, N. T., Asratie, M. H., & Janakiraman, B. (2022). Level of activity limitations and predictors in women with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: Prospective cross-sectional study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 78, 103754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103754

Hrvatin, I., Rugelj, D., & Šćepanović, D. (2024). Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain affects balance in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. PLOS ONE, 19(3), e0287221. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287221

Kamel, D. M., Ibrahiem, S. H., Ashmawi, H. S., & Aboelmagd, S. R. (2024). Stabilization Exercises Combined with Pelvic Floor Exercises for Pregnancy-Related Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Egyptian Journal of Physical Therapy, 19(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejpt.2024.293175.1189

Khotimah, H. ., Miki Yulieti Pertasari, R. ., & Azkiya, F. . (2023). Applications of Prenatal Yoga and Maryam Exercise for Reducing Back Pain in Pregnant Women at Third Trimester. KnE Social Sciences, 8(14), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i14.13828

Lauridsen, J., Dalbøge, A., & Jahn, A. (2025). The effect of pelvic belts to manage low back and pelvic pain during pregnancy a systematic review and meta-analysis. Midwifery, 148, 104529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2025.104529

Lučovnik, M., Lackner, H. K., Žebeljan, I., Moertl, M. G., Dinevski, I. V., Mahlmann, A., & Dinevski, D. (2023). Effect of Prenatal Yoga versus Moderate-Intensity Walking on Cardiorespiratory Adaptation to Acute Psychological Stress: Insights from Non-Invasive Beat-to-Beat Monitoring. Sensors, 24(5), 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051596

Mahmood, M. A., Hendarto, H., Cahya Laksana, M. A., Damayanti, H. E., Suhargono, M. H., Pranadyan, R., Santoso, K. H., Redjeki, K. S., Winard, B., Prasetyo, B., Vercruyssen, J., Moss, J. R., Bi, P., Masitah, S., Pratama, A. W., Dewi, E. R., Listiyani, C. H., & Mufidah, I. (2021). Health system and quality of care factors contributing to maternal deaths in East Java, Indonesia. PLOS ONE, 16(2), e0247911. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247911

Mamipour, H., Farazmehr, S., Negahban, H., Nazary-Moghadam, S., Dehghan-Manshadi, F., Navi Nezhad, M., Jafari, S., & Sharifzadeh, M. (2022). Effect of Core Stabilization Exercises on Pain, Functional Disability, and Quality of Life in Pregnant Women With Lumbar and Pelvic Girdle Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 46(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2023.05.005

Mirzakhani, K., Ebadi, A., Faridhosseini, F., & Khadivzadeh, T. (2023). Pregnant women's experiences of well-being in high-risk pregnancy: A qualitative study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 12, 6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1542_21

Patni, & Gaurav Sinha. (2023). An Analytical Review on Health Benefits of Prenatal Yoga for Mother and Foetus. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research, 11(Suppl1), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.47070/ijapr.v11iSuppl1.2667

Ramadhani, M., & Rukaiyah, R. (2025). Analysis of the Causes of High Maternal Mortality Rates in Hospitals: Contributing Factors and Solutions for Improvement. International Journal on ObGyn and Health Sciences, 3(2), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.35335/obgyn.v3i2.210

Santos, F. F., Lourenço, B. M., Souza, M. B., Maia, L. B., Oliveira, V. C., & Oliveira, M. X. (2023). Prevention of low back and pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with GRADE recommendations. Physiotherapy, 118, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2022.09.004

Somantri, T. N. K., Putri Azzahroh, & Bunga Tiara Carolin. (2025). The Effect of Prenatal Yoga on 3rd Trimester Pregnancy Discomfort. Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 3(2), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v3i2.334

Tamura, S., Vardhan, S., Breidenbach, K., Shaparin, N., Vydyanathan, A., & Gritsenko, K. (2025). Navigating Pregnancy Testing in Chronic Pain Management for Women of Reproductive Age. Journal of Pain Research, 18, 2605–2612. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S510703

Trishul & Shivakumar. (2025). Contemporary Ergonomic Solutions and Yoga Techniques (Asanas and Pranayama) for Prenatal Care. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 10(2), 126-135. https://doi.org/10.21760/jaims.10.2.18

Urits, I., Schwartz, R. H., Orhurhu, V., Maganty, N. V., Reilly, B. T., Patel, P. M., ... & Viswanath, O. (2021). A comprehensive review of alternative therapies for the management of chronic pain patients: acupuncture, tai chi, osteopathic manipulative medicine, and chiropractic care. Advances in therapy, 38(1), 76-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01554-0

Vaamonde, D., Algar-Santacruz, C., & Dillard, D. M. (2021). Epigenetic and biological consequences of unmanaged stress during prenatal, perinatal and early childhood periods. Fertility, Pregnancy, and Wellness, 193-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818309-0.00012-5

Vignato, J., Perkhounkova, Y., Saeidzadeh, S., Patsais, M., Inman, M., McCarthy, A. M., & Segre, L. S. (2021). Pathways from pain to physical and mental health-related quality of life during the third trimester of pregnancy: An exploratory mediation analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(9-10), 1372-1382. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15686

Wang, Y., Li, Q., Tian, R., Wang, N., & Zheng, C. (2021). Role of relaxin in diastasis of the pubic symphysis peripartum. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 9(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i1.91

Widelock, T., Denney, J., & Brost, B. (2023). Pregnancy and parturition: the physical and physiological changes and their pathologies. In Post-maternity Body Changes: Obstetric Fundamentals and Surgical Reshaping (pp. 25-47). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43840-1_3

Wu, Y., Zhong, Y., Xu, C., Li, H., Chen, M., & Xu, L. (2025). Interventions for Maintaining Pelvic Floor Health During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. Physiotherapy Research International, 30(3), e70077. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.70077

Downloads

Published

2025-09-14

Citation Check